| How did the Maya respond to the dietary
edicts of the conquering Spanish invaders?
When the Spanish conquistadores and missionaries
arrived in the New World, they brought with them a panoply of beliefs
about appropriate foods and eating habits. In some areas they set
up permanent residences and introduced Spanish plants and animals
as foods. In other areas, the Spanish were only a temporary presence
as they travelled a round of visits through larger regions, but
even in these areas, they imposed rules and decrees about the animals
and plants the Maya were allowed to consume.
At the sites of Lamanai and Tipu in Belize, CA, the Spanish reported
great success in the imposition of changes in all aspects of daily
and ritual Maya life. However, zooarchaeological research at these
sites shows that the residents of these two sites were far from
accepting Spanish edicts over the animals that they used. In fact,
not only did the Maya at these sites apparently refuse to change
their pre-Contact eating habits to Spanish norms, but they began
to re-incorporate species that had been important in earlier Classic
times instead of those required by Spanish decree.
Does this perhaps indicate only that the natural species availability
had changed several times over the past centuries making Contact
period diet resemble Classic period diet more than Postclassic period
diet? Or does it indicate that the Maya peoples intentionally emphasized
a reversion to their Classic period Maya norms by controlling the
choices they made in food types? This second conclusion is supported
by evidence from other archaeological work at the sites (by David
Pendergast at Lamanai and Elizabeth Graham at Tipu) that shows a
hidden but strong conservation of ritual practices as well as daily
habits.
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